在Spring Boot中,我们会使用@SpringBootApplication来开启Spring Boot程序。在之前的文章中我们讲到了@SpringBootApplication相当于@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan,@Configuration三者的集合。
其中@Configuration用在类上面,表明这个是个配置类,如下所示:
复制 @ Configuration
public class MySQLAutoconfiguration {
...
}
而@EnableAutoConfiguration则是开启Spring Boot的自动配置功能。什么是自动配置功能呢?简单点说就是Spring Boot根据依赖中的jar包,自动选择实例化某些配置。
接下来我们看一下@EnableAutoConfiguration是怎么工作的。
先看一下@EnableAutoConfiguration的定义:
复制 @ Target ( ElementType . TYPE )
@ Retention ( RetentionPolicy . RUNTIME )
@ Documented
@ Inherited
@ AutoConfigurationPackage
@ Import ( AutoConfigurationImportSelector . class )
public @ interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration" ;
/**
* Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
* @return the classes to exclude
*/
Class<?> [] exclude() default {};
/**
* Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
* applied.
* @return the class names to exclude
* @since 1.3.0
*/
String [] excludeName() default {};
}
注意这一行: @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现了ImportSelector接口,并会在实例化时调用selectImports。下面是其方法:
复制 public String [] selectImports( AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if ( ! isEnabled(annotationMetadata) ) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
}
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
. loadMetadata ( this . beanClassLoader );
AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata ,
annotationMetadata) ;
return StringUtils . toStringArray ( autoConfigurationEntry . getConfigurations ());
}
这个方法中的getCandidateConfigurations会从类加载器中查找所有的META-INF/spring.factories,并加载其中实现了@EnableAutoConfiguration的类。 有兴趣的朋友可以具体研究一下这个方法的实现。
复制 private static Map< String , List< String >> loadSpringFactories(@ Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap < String , String > result = cache . get (classLoader);
if (result != null ) {
return result;
}
try {
Enumeration < URL > urls = (classLoader != null ?
classLoader . getResources (FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader . getSystemResources (FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
result = new LinkedMultiValueMap <>();
while ( urls . hasMoreElements ()) {
URL url = urls . nextElement ();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url) ;
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils . loadProperties (resource);
for ( Map . Entry < ? , ? > entry : properties . entrySet ()) {
String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry . getKey ()) . trim ();
for ( String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils . commaDelimitedListToStringArray ((String) entry . getValue ())) {
result . add (factoryTypeName , factoryImplementationName . trim ());
}
}
}
cache . put (classLoader , result);
return result;
}
catch ( IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]" , ex) ;
}
}
我们再看一下spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.2.RELEASE.jar中的META-INF/spring.factories。
spring.factories里面的内容是key=value形式的,我们重点关注一下EnableAutoConfiguration:
复制 # Auto Configure
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . EnableAutoConfiguration = \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . admin . SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . aop . AopAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . amqp . RabbitAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . batch . BatchAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . cache . CacheAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . cassandra . CassandraAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . cloud . CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration , \
org . springframework . boot . autoconfigure . context . ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration , \
...
这里只列出了一部分内容,根据上面的代码, 所有的EnableAutoConfiguration的实现都会被自动加载。这就是自动加载的原理了。
如果我们仔细去看具体的实现:
复制 @ Configuration (proxyBeanMethods = false )
@ AutoConfigureAfter ( JmxAutoConfiguration . class )
@ ConditionalOnProperty (prefix = "spring.application.admin" , value = "enabled" , havingValue = "true" ,
matchIfMissing = false )
public class SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration {
可以看到里面使用了很多@Conditional*** 的注解,这种注解的作用就是判断该配置类在什么时候能够起作用。