之前的文章中,我们讲解了如何使用Spring Boot JPA, 在Spring Boot JPA中我们可通过构建查询方法或者通过@Query注解来构建查询语句,本文我们将会更详细的讨论查询语句的构建。
准备工作
首先我们需要添加依赖,这里我们还是使用H2内存数据库:
复制 < dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</ artifactId >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >com.h2database</ groupId >
< artifactId >h2</ artifactId >
< scope >runtime</ scope >
</ dependency >
我们创建一个Entity:
复制 @ Data
@ Entity
public class Movie {
@ Id
@ GeneratedValue (strategy = GenerationType . SEQUENCE )
private Long id;
private String title;
private String director;
private String rating;
private int duration;
}
构建初始化data.sql:
复制 INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 1 , 'Godzilla: King of the Monsters' , ' Michael Dougherty' , 'PG-13' , 132 );
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 2 , 'Avengers: Endgame' , 'Anthony Russo' , 'PG-13' , 181 );
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 3 , 'Captain Marvel' , 'Anna Boden' , 'PG-13' , 123 );
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 4 , 'Dumbo' , 'Tim Burton' , 'PG' , 112 );
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 5 , 'Booksmart' , 'Olivia Wilde' , 'R' , 102 );
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 6 , 'Aladdin' , 'Guy Ritchie' , 'PG' , 128 );
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration)
VALUES ( 7 , 'The Sun Is Also a Star' , 'Ry Russo-Young' , 'PG-13' , 100 );
构建Repository:
复制 public interface MovieRepository extends JpaRepository < Movie , Long > {
}
Containing, Contains, IsContaining 和 Like
如果我们想要构建模下面的模糊查询语句:
复制 SELECT * FROM movie WHERE title LIKE '%in%' ;
我们可以这样写:
复制 List< Movie > findByTitleContaining( String title) ;
List< Movie > findByTitleContains( String title) ;
List< Movie > findByTitleIsContaining( String title) ;
将上面的语句添加到Repository中就够了。
我们看下怎么测试:
复制 @ Slf4j
@ RunWith ( SpringRunner . class )
@ SpringBootTest (classes = { QueryApp . class })
public class MovieRepositoryTest {
@ Autowired
private MovieRepository movieRepository;
@ Test
public void TestMovieQuery (){
List < Movie > results = movieRepository . findByTitleContaining ( "in" );
assertEquals( 3 , results . size()) ;
results = movieRepository . findByTitleIsContaining ( "in" );
assertEquals( 3 , results . size()) ;
results = movieRepository . findByTitleContains ( "in" );
assertEquals( 3 , results . size()) ;
}
}
Spring 还提供了Like 关键词,我们可以这样用:
复制 List< Movie > findByTitleLike( String title) ;
测试代码:
复制 results = movieRepository.findByTitleLike("%in%");
assertEquals(3, results.size());
StartsWith
如果我们需要实现下面这条SQL:
复制 SELECT * FROM Movie WHERE Rating LIKE 'PG%' ;
我们可以这样使用:
复制 List< Movie > findByRatingStartsWith( String rating) ;
测试代码如下:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . findByRatingStartsWith ( "PG" );
assertEquals( 6 , results . size()) ;
EndsWith
如果我们要实现下面的SQL:
复制 SELECT * FROM Movie WHERE director LIKE '%Burton' ;
可以这样构建:
复制 List< Movie > findByDirectorEndsWith( String director) ;
测试代码如下:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . findByDirectorEndsWith ( "Burton" );
assertEquals( 1 , results . size()) ;
大小写不敏感
要是想实现大小不敏感的功能我们可以这样:
复制 List< Movie > findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase( String title) ;
测试代码如下:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase ( "the" );
assertEquals( 2 , results . size()) ;
Not
要想实现Not的功能,我们可以使用NotContains, NotContaining, 和 NotLike关键词:
复制 List< Movie > findByRatingNotContaining( String rating) ;
测试代码如下:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . findByRatingNotContaining ( "PG" );
assertEquals( 1 , results . size()) ;
NotLike:
复制 List< Movie > findByDirectorNotLike( String director) ;
测试代码如下:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . findByDirectorNotLike ( "An%" );
assertEquals( 5 , results . size()) ;
@Query
如果我们要实现比较复杂的查询功能,我们可以使用@Query,下面是一个命名参数的使用:
复制 @ Query ( "SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.title LIKE %:title%" )
List< Movie > searchByTitleLike(@ Param ( "title" ) String title) ;
如果有多个参数,我们可以这样指定参数的顺序:
复制 @ Query ( "SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.rating LIKE ?1%" )
List< Movie > searchByRatingStartsWith( String rating) ;
下面是测试代码:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . searchByRatingStartsWith ( "PG" );
assertEquals( 6 , results . size()) ;
在Spring Boot2.4之后,我们可以使用SpEL表达式:
复制 @ Query ( "SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.director LIKE %?#{escape([0])} escape ?#{escapeCharacter()}" )
List< Movie > searchByDirectorEndsWith( String director) ;
看下怎么使用:
复制 List < Movie > results = movieRepository . searchByDirectorEndsWith ( "Burton" );
assertEquals( 1 , results . size()) ;
本文的例子可以参考
更多教程请参考 flydean的博客