之前的文章中我们讲到了ExecutorService,通过ExecutorService我们可以提交一个个的task,并且返回Future,然后通过调用Future.get方法来返回任务的执行结果。
这种方式虽然有效,但是需要保存每个返回的Future值,还是比较麻烦的,幸好ExecutorService提供了一个invokeAll的方法,来保存所有的Future值,我们看一个具体的实现:
public void useExecutorService() throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
Callable<String> callableTask = () -> {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
return "Task's execution";
};
List<Callable<String>> callableTasks = new ArrayList<>();
callableTasks.add(callableTask);
callableTasks.add(callableTask);
callableTasks.add(callableTask);
List<Future<String>> futures = executor.invokeAll(callableTasks);
executor.shutdown();
}
上面的例子中,我们定义了3个task,通过调用executor.invokeAll(callableTasks)
返回了一个 List<Future<String>>
,这样我们就可以得到所有的返回值了。
除了上面的invokeAll方法外,我们今天要介绍一个CompletionService接口。
CompletionService实际上是ExecutorService和BlockingQueue的结合体,ExecutorService用来提交任务,而BlockingQueue用来保存封装成Future的执行结果。通过调用take和poll的方法来获取到Future值。
CompletionService是一个接口,我们看下它的一个具体实现ExecutorCompletionService:
public ExecutorCompletionService(Executor executor) {
if (executor == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.executor = executor;
this.aes = (executor instanceof AbstractExecutorService) ?
(AbstractExecutorService) executor : null;
this.completionQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Future<V>>();
}
ExecutorCompletionService接收一个Executor作为参数。
我们看下上面的例子如果用ExecutorCompletionService重写是怎么样的:
public void useCompletionService() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
CompletionService<String> completionService=new ExecutorCompletionService<String>(executor);
Callable<String> callableTask = () -> {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
return "Task's execution";
};
for(int i=0; i< 5; i ++){
completionService.submit(callableTask);
}
for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
Future<String> result=completionService.take();
System.out.println(result.get());
}
}
上面的例子通过completionService.submit来提交任务,通过completionService.take()来获取结果值。
其实CompletionService还有一个poll的方法,poll和take的区别在于:take如果获取不到值则会等待,而poll则会返回null。
本文的例子可以参考https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-java-concurrency/tree/master/CompletionService