在本篇文章中,我们将会讨论一下java中wait()和sleep()方法的区别。并讨论一下怎么使用这两个方法。
Wait和sleep的区别
wait() 是Object中定义的native方法:
复制 public final native void wait( long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
所以每一个类的实例都可以调用这个方法。wait()只能在synchronized block中调用。它会释放synchronized时加在object上的锁。
sleep()是定义Thread中的native静态类方法:
复制 public static native void sleep( long millis) throws InterruptedException;
所以Thread.sleep()可以在任何情况下调用。Thread.sleep()将会暂停当前线程,并且不会释放任何锁资源。
我们先看一下一个简单的wait使用:
复制 @ Slf4j
public class WaitUsage {
private static Object LOCK = new Object() ;
public static void WaitExample () throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (LOCK) {
LOCK . wait ( 1000 );
log . info ( "Object '" + LOCK + "' is woken after" +
" waiting for 1 second" );
}
}
}
再看一下sleep的使用:
复制 @ Slf4j
public class SleepUsage {
public static void sleepExample () throws InterruptedException {
Thread . sleep ( 1000 );
log . info (
"Thread '" + Thread . currentThread () . getName () +
"' is woken after sleeping for 1 second" );
}
}
唤醒wait和sleep
sleep()方法自带sleep时间,时间过后,Thread会自动被唤醒。 或者可以通过调用interrupt()方法来中断。
相比而言wait的唤醒会比较复杂,我们需要调用notify() 和 notifyAll()方法来唤醒等待在特定wait object上的线程。
notify()会根据线程调度的机制选择一个线程来唤醒,而notifyAll()会唤醒所有等待的线程,由这些线程重新争夺资源锁。
wait,notity通常用在生产者和消费者情形,我们看下怎么使用:
复制 @ Slf4j
public class WaitNotifyUsage {
private int count = 0 ;
public void produceMessage () throws InterruptedException {
while ( true ) {
synchronized ( this ) {
while (count == 5 ) {
log . info ( "count == 5 , wait ...." );
wait() ;
}
count ++ ;
log . info ( "produce count {}" , count);
notify() ;
}
}
}
public void consumeMessage () throws InterruptedException {
while ( true ) {
synchronized ( this ) {
while (count == 0 ) {
log . info ( "count == 0, wait ..." );
wait() ;
}
log . info ( "consume count {}" , count);
count -- ;
notify() ;
}
}
}
}
看下怎么调用:
复制 @ Test
public void testWaitNotifyUsage() throws InterruptedException{
WaitNotifyUsage waitNotifyUsage =new WaitNotifyUsage() ;
ExecutorService executorService = Executors . newFixedThreadPool ( 4 );
executorService . submit (() -> {
try {
waitNotifyUsage . produceMessage ();
} catch ( InterruptedException e) {
e . printStackTrace ();
}
});
executorService . submit (() -> {
try {
waitNotifyUsage . consumeMessage ();
} catch ( InterruptedException e) {
e . printStackTrace ();
}
});
Thread . sleep ( 50000 );
}