15. 巧用HashMap一行代码统计单词出现次数
简介
JDK是在一直在迭代更新的,很多我们熟悉的类也悄悄的添加了一些新的方法特性。比如我们最常用的HashMap。
今天给大家讲一下HashMap在JDK8中添加的两个新方法compute和merge,从而实现一行代码实现单词统计的功能。一起来看看吧。
爱在JDK8之前
JDK8为我们引入了很多非常非常有用新特性,比如Stream和lambda表达式,可以让我们的程序更加简洁。
如果我们需要统计一个数组中单词出现的次数该怎么做呢?
这里不是讲算法,所以可以直接使用HashMap:
public void countBefore8(){
Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>();
String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};
for(String word: wordArray){
//如果存在则加1,否则将值设置为1
if(wordCount.containsKey(word)) {
wordCount.put(word, wordCount.get(word) + 1);
}else{
wordCount.put(word, 1);
}
}
}
基本上流程是上面样子的。我们对数组进行遍历,然后判断这个单词是否存在于hashMap中,如果存在则+1。
逻辑很简单,但是看起来有些臃肿。
别怕,我们有JDK8。
JDK8中使用compute
先看下JDK8中compute的定义:
default V compute(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
V oldValue = get(key);
V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (newValue == null) {
// delete mapping
if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) {
// something to remove
remove(key);
return null;
} else {
// nothing to do. Leave things as they were.
return null;
}
} else {
// add or replace old mapping
put(key, newValue);
return newValue;
}
}
可以看到compute有第二个参数BiFunction,BiFunction就是一个函数,输入两个参数,返回一个参数。
BiFunction的两个参数分别是key和key所对应的oldValue。
可考虑到我们的单词统计,我们可以直接将oldValue+1 即可。所以使用compute,可以将方法改写为:
public void countAfter8WithCompute(){
Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>();
String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};
Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word ->{
wordCount.putIfAbsent(word,0);
wordCount.compute(word,(w,count)->count+1);
});
}
当然,我们可以将putIfAbsent放到compute中:
public void countAfter8WithCompute2(){
Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>();
String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};
Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word -> wordCount.compute(word,(w, count)->count == null ? 1 : count + 1));
}
一行代码就完成了。
JDK8中使用merge
再看看merge方法:
default V merge(K key, V value,
BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
Objects.requireNonNull(value);
V oldValue = get(key);
V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
if (newValue == null) {
remove(key);
} else {
put(key, newValue);
}
return newValue;
}
merge方法需要3个参数,第一个参数是key,第二个参数是key对应的oldValue为空的值,也就是为空的默认值,第三个参数是一个BiFunction参数。
不同的是BiFunction的第一个参数是oldValue,第二个参数是value。
生成newValue的逻辑是:如果oldValue不存在,则使用value。如果oldValue存在,则调用BiFunction对oldValue和Value进行合并。
我们可以写出相应的代码如下:
public void countAfter8WithMerge(){
Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>();
String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};
Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word->wordCount.merge(word, 1, (oldCount, one) -> oldCount + one));
}
后面的函数可以用Integer::sum替代:
public void countAfter8WithMerge(){
Map<String,Integer> wordCount= new HashMap<>();
String[] wordArray= new String[]{"we","are","the","world","we"};
Arrays.asList(wordArray).forEach(word->wordCount.merge(word, 1, Integer::sum));
}
本文的例子https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-java-base-9-to-20/tree/master/java-base